History Cirebon

Mesjid Merah Panjunan

STORY Cirebon origins can be found in traditional historiography written in manuscript form (text) written in the 18th century and the 19th. These texts can be used as a handle while making it the primary source was found.
Among the manuscripts which contain the early history of the Carita Purwaka Cirebon Caruban Nagari, Chronicle Cirebon, Sultanate Sajarah Cirebon, Walangsungsang Chronicle, and others. The most interesting is Purwaka Caruban Carita Nagari script, written in 1720 by Prince Aryan Cirebon, Son of Sultan Kasepuhan who had been appointed as the Regent Priangan intermediary between the years 1706-1723 with the VOC.
The manuscript was also mentioned that the origin of the word "Cirebon" is "sarumban", then changed the pronunciation to "Caruban". This word has the process of changing again into "Carbon", changed to the word "Cerbon", and eventually became the word "Cirebon". According to this source, the trustees called Carbon as "Jagat Center", a country considered to be located in the middle of the island of Java. Local people call it "State Gede". The word was later changed the pronunciation to "Garage" and proceed again to "Grage".


According P.S. Sulendraningrat, responsible Cirebon history, the emergence of the term is associated with the manufacture of fish paste made by Prince Cakrabumi Cakrabuana alias. The word "Cirebon" by kiratabasa in Bahasa Sunda derived from the "Ci" means "water" and "rebon" that is "shrimp" as material for fish paste. These estimates are attributed to the fact that from the first until now, Cirebon is the producer of shrimp and shrimp paste are of good quality.
Various sources say about the origin of Sunan Gunung Jati, founder of the Sultanate of Cirebon. Local sources are classified in historiography, mentioned the story of Ki Gedeng Sedhang You, as head of the Nagari Surantaka, subordinate kingdom Galuh. Ki Gedeng Sedhang Love, brother of King Galuh, King Anggalarang, has a daughter named Nyai Ambet love. This daughter was married to Prince Pamanah Rasa, the son of King Anggalarang.
Because Raden Pamanah Sense won the contest and married the daughter of Ki Gedeng named Nyai Subanglarang Tapa, from Singapore Nagari, Nagari Surantaka neighbors. Of marriage was born three children, namely Walangsungsang Raden, Nyai Santang Lara and King Sangara. After her mother died, and Raden Walangsungsang Nyai Santang Lara left the palace, and lived in the house of Reverend Buddhist, Ki Gedeng Danuwarsih.
Ki Gedeng daughter named Nyai Indang Danuwarsih Geulis Walangsungsang married Raden, and studied Islam to Datuk Sheikh Kahf. Raden Walangsungsang given a new name, namely Ki Samadullah, and soon after returning from the Holy Land into Haji Abdullah changed the name of the Faith. On the advice of his teacher, Raden Walangsungsang opens a new area called Tegal Alang-alang or Kebon Coast. Tegal Alang-alang growing and many visited the Sundanese, Javanese, Arabic and Chinese, so it is called this area "Caruban", meaning the mixture. Not only that mixed ethnicity, but religion is also mixed.
On the advice of his teacher, Raden Walangsungsang go to the Holy Land with her sister, Lara Nyai Santang. In this Holy Land, his sister married to Maulana Sultan Muhammad Sharif holds the descendants of Hashim Abdullah son of Nurul Alim. Lara Nyai Santang renamed Syarifah Mudaim.
From this marriage, born Sharif Hidayatullah who later became the Sunan Gunung Jati. Judging from the Genealogy, Sharif Hidayatullah who later became salahseorang Wali Sanga, occupy-22 generation of the Prophet Muhammad.
After her sister married, Ki Samadullah or Iman Abdullah returned to Java. On arrival in the country, establishing mosques Jalagrahan, and make great house which later became the palace Pakungwati. After the death of Ki Ki Danusela Samadullah menjadu Kuwu Caruban appointed and given the title Prince Cakrabuana. This increased to Nagari Pakuwuan Caruban prohibited. Prince Cakrabuana a degree from his father, King Siliwangi, as Sri Mangana, and is considered as a way to legitimize the power of the Prince Cakrabuana.
Having studied in various countries, then sit arrived in Java. With the approval of the Sunan Ampel and other guardians are advised to spread Islam in Tatar Sunda. Sharif Hidayatullah go to Caruban ban and joined the uwaknya, Prince Cakrabuana. Sharif Hidayatullah arrive at Muara port and then continue to the village of Jati-Pasambangan Sembung, near Amparan Teak, and the teaching of Islam, Datuk Sheikh replace the Cave.
Teak sheikh has also taught in the hamlet of Babadan. There she met her match with Miss Ki Gedeng Babadan Nyai Babadan. Because his wife died, then married again Teak Sheikh with Pakungwati Goddess, daughter of Prince Cakrabuana, besides marrying Baghdad Nyai Lara, daughter of Datuk Sheikh friend Kahf.
Teak Shaykh then went to Jakarta to teach the religion of Islam there. It turned out that the descendants of Regents Kawunganten Pajajaran very interested, so converting to Islam and gave his sister to diperistri. Of marriage with Nyai Kawunganten, born Prince Kingkin Saba, later known as the founder of the Kingdom of Banten Maulana Hasanuddin. Meanwhile Prince Sheikh Teak Cakrabuana asked Sharif Hidayatullah replace his position and returned to Caruban. In Cirebon he was named the head of the Nagari and the title of His Majesty Teak or Teak or Sunan Sunan Caruban or Cerbon. Since the 1479's, Caruban ban of villages were developed as a center of the Sultanate and its name was changed to Cerbon.
At the beginning of the 16th century Cirebon known as commodity trading town, especially for rice and agricultural products are exported to Malacca. A Portuguese historian Joao de Barros in his article titled Da Asia told me about it. Other sources reported Cirebon early period, is Medez Pinto who went to Jakarta to ship pepper. In 1596, a group of Dutch merchants under the leadership of Cornellis de Houtman landed in Florida. In the same year the Dutch first came to Cirebon Cirebon reported that at the time was a relatively strong market town of around dibenteng by a river.
From its inception, the boundaries of the Sultanate of Cirebon including problematic. This is due, the port of Sunda Empire, which conquered Sundakalapa. When the Banten sultanate emerged as a sovereign hands of His Majesty's son Teak, namely Maulana Hasanuddin, the problem arises, whether the Sunda Kalapa including Cirebon power or Bantam?
For Sultanate of Banten, this boundary is made easy, and never lead to conflict. Only in 1679 and 1681, had claimed the area Sumedang Cirebon, Indramayu, Galuh, and Sukapura who was influenced by Bantam, as a sphere of influence.
In Panembahan Queen, more attention is directed to the strengthening of religious life. Position as a cleric, is one reason the Sultan of Mataram Cirebon somewhat reluctant to enter the conquered areas. Cirebon Kingdom area was included Indramayu, Majalengka, Brass, County and Municipal Cirebon now. When Panembahan Queen died, in 1649 he was succeeded by his grandson Panembahan Girilaya or Panembahan Queen II. From marriage to the daughter of Sunan Tegalwangi, Panembahan Girilaya has 3 sons, the Prince Martawijaya, Kertawijaya Prince, and Prince Wangsakerta. Since the year 1678, under the protection of Banten, Cirebon Sultanate is divided into three, namely the first Sultanate Kasepuhan, dirajai Martawijaya Prince, otherwise known as Sultan Sepuh I. Kanoman Second Empire, headed by Prince Sultan Anom Kertawijaya known as the first and third Panembahan headed by Prince Wangsakerta or Panembahan Cirebon I.
Cirebon city grew slowly. Resident of Waterloo in 1800 tried to drain water flowing from Linggajati, but eventually abandoned. In 1858, there were 5 pieces in Cirebon retail stores two trading companies. In 1865, sugar exports recorded a number of 200 000 yoke (quintal), and in 1868 three companies engaged in Batavia sugar trade opened branches in Cirebon. In 1877, there was an ice plant stand, and pipes connecting the water artesian wells with housing built in 1877. At the beginning of the 20th century, is one of the main Cirebon of the five largest port city in the Netherlands Indies, with a population of 23 500 people. Its main products are rice, fish, tobacco and sugar. ***
(Nina Lubis H. (ed.), History of the Old Cities in West Java, 2000.)